Hantavirus

Hantavirus is a virus that is mainly transmitted by rodents, such as mice and rats. Rodents can easily infect each other but do not become ill themselves. In rare cases, the virus can also be transmitted to humans through the urine, faeces or saliva of infected rodents. Once these bodily fluids have dried, the virus can survive for up to two weeks.

Where does the Hantavirus occur?

Hantaviruses are found all over the world. Various strains of the virus are circulating worldwide.

How is the virus transmitted?

• Transmission occurs mainly through inhalation of viral particles from dried rodent faeces or urine
• Human-to-human transmission is very rare, but has been reported in exceptional cases
• The risk is particularly present in environments where rodents are present

What are the symptoms?

Not everyone who becomes infected develops symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Flu-like symptoms, such as headache, abdominal pain, nausea, fever and muscle pain 
• Mild inflammation of the kidneys and/or liver
  
  The course and severity of the illness can vary depending on the type of hantavirus. Some hantaviruses found in North and South America can cause more severe illness. This can lead to high fever and breathing difficulties, and in some cases, serious lung problems and heart failure.In some cases, hospitalisation may be required.

How can you prevent hantavirus infection?

The risk of contracting the hantavirus is low. There is no vaccine against the hantavirus in the Netherlands.

• Make sure you do not come into contact with rodents or anything that may have been contaminated by a rodent
• Practise good food hygiene and do not leave food lying around that might attract rodents
• Ventilate areas where rodents may be (or have been) present thoroughly before entering them

More information

Would you like to know more about hantavirus? Visit Hantavirus infection | RIVM and LCR – Travel advice.