Zika virus

Zika virus is a viral infection (ZIKV) found mainly in (sub)tropical regions, such as parts of South and Central America, the Caribbean, Southeast Asia and Africa. Travellers to these areas are at risk of infection with zika virus, which is transmitted by mosquitoes. Zika fever is often mild, but infection during pregnancy can have serious consequences for the unborn child. Good protection against mosquito bites is essential if you are travelling to an area where the zika virus is prevalent.

How do you get the Zika virus?

The Zika virus is mainly spread by the Aedes mosquito, which is active during the day. This virus is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Aedes family. These are the same mosquitoes that also transmit diseases such as dengue and chikungunya. Infection occurs when a mosquito transmits the virus from an infected person to another. Zika can also be transmitted through sexual contact or from mother to child during pregnancy. This means travellers can become infected not only through mosquito bites but also through intimate contact with someone who has recently travelled to an affected area.

Where does Zika virus occur?

• Parts of Africa and Asia
• Large parts of Central and South America
• Countries in and around the Indian Ocean

These mosquitoes are also found in urbanised areas and are mainly active during the day (and not at night like the malaria mosquito).

The situation can change rapidly from region to region.

What are the symptoms?

The incubation period is not precisely known but is estimated to be between 3 and 12 days. Most people (75%) recover fully without serious problems. If a clear illness does develop, one or more of the following symptoms may occur:

• Sudden-onset fever
• Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eyes)

• Muscle and joint pain (especially of hands and feet)

• Skin rash
• Less frequently: headache, lack of appetite, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain

  Sometimes the infection proceeds without symptoms. This in particular makes the virus insidious for pregnant women.

How do you prevent Zika virus

There is no vaccin against the Zika virus yet therefore applying mosquito prevention methods is key. Avoid unprotected sexual contact with a partner who has been in a Zika-affected area.

Especially pregnant women should stick closely to these measures to protect their baby.

More information and advice

Do you plan to travel to an area where Zika is prevalent? Receive advice from our experienced travel nurses. Make an appointment at one of our locations. We will give you personal advice of how to protect yourself from mosquitos, health risks at your destination, and how to avoid getting infected with the Zika virus. Would you like to know more about the Zika virus, please visit: Zika virus | RIVM.